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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*ograkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"mountain goatface="Times New Roman Star"ãîðíûé êîçåë
face="Times New Roman Star"og|raq (IM)


























face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 405. Most Turkic languages reflect PT *oglak 'kid, goat' - possibly a merger of *ograk with *ogul 'son' (v. sub *i_uga).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ujukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"(felt) stockingsface="Times New Roman Star"(âîéëî÷íûå) ÷óëêèface="Times New Roman Star"ujuq (OUygh. - late)
face="Times New Roman Star"ujuk (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u>jyq




face="Times New Roman Star"ujuq (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"u>jyqface="Times New Roman Star"ujyqface="Times New Roman Star"u>ju>qface="Times New Roman Star"uju"k




face="Times New Roman Star"ÄÒÑ 608, VEWT 511, ÝÑÒß 1, 581-582, Ëåêñèêà 481. The root should be distinguished from *uk q. v. sub *p`o\k`a\ (there is no way of uniting them phonetically).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dandruffface="Times New Roman Star"ïåðõîòü

face="Times New Roman Star"konak





face="Times New Roman Star"Gon|aq


















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 excrements, faeces 2 hard soil, swampface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàâîç, ïîìåò 2 òâåðäàÿ ïî÷âà, áîëîòî
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"z (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n, ku"n (dial.) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"gu.n| 1





face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 735, ÝÑÒß 5, 103.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to mowface="Times New Roman Star"êîñèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"or- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ora-





face="Times New Roman Star"or-



face="Times New Roman Star"vyr-













face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 468, Ëåêñèêà 469.
face="Times New Roman Star"*urface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"growth, excrescenceface="Times New Roman Star"íàðîñò, îïóõîëü

face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"u>ry



face="Times New Roman Star"ur

face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"ur

face="Times New Roman Star"ur
face="Times New Roman Star"uru
face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"u>raface="Times New Roman Star"uryface="Times New Roman Star"u>ru>





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 598-599. Turk. > Mong. ur id.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"friend, companion, mateface="Times New Roman Star"äðóã, òîâàðèùface="Times New Roman Star"es? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"es? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"es?
face="Times New Roman Star"es? (Sangl.)








face="Times New Roman Star"jys? 'family'

face="Times New Roman Star"es?face="Times New Roman Star"es?









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 253-254, ÝÑÒß 1, 313-314, Åãîðîâ 83, Ëåêñèêà 314.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"s-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to break through 2 rupture, herniaface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîðûâàòüñÿ 2 ïðîáîäåíèå, ãðûæà


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"s- 1, bu"ser 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s- 1





















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 84.
face="Times New Roman Star"*udface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ox, bullface="Times New Roman Star"âîë, áûêface="Times New Roman Star"ud (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ud| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"uj (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ujface="Times New Roman Star"ut



face="Times New Roman Star"uj





face="Times New Roman Star"uj








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 34, ÝÑÒß 1, 572-573, Ëåêñèêà 434-435 ( > MMong. uj, Ùåðáàê 1997, 161).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sum-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"noseface="Times New Roman Star"íîñ













face="Times New Roman Star"súw|mza













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399, Åãîðîâ 181, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 24 (but not to tums?uk!). An isolated Chuvash form with possible external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju:rtuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hole, needle holeface="Times New Roman Star"óøêî èíñòðóìåíòà

face="Times New Roman Star"igne jurdusu 'óøêî èãëû'
face="Times New Roman Star"jurdu 'óøêî èãëû, ñòðåëû, òîïîðà' (Pav. C.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/úrda 'óøêî èãëû, ìåäàëè, ïðîìåæóòîê äëÿ ðåçèíêè íà òðóñàõ'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 958 (sub jurt), Åãîðîâ 208, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 98.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:panface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"foot, soleface="Times New Roman Star"íîãà, ïîäîøâà
face="Times New Roman Star"taban (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"taban (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"to|bo|nface="Times New Roman Star"tapanface="Times New Roman Star"tawanface="Times New Roman Star"dabanface="Times New Roman Star"da:ban

face="Times New Roman Star"taman
face="Times New Roman Star"toban

face="Times New Roman Star"davanface="Times New Roman Star"damanface="Times New Roman Star"tamanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"taban
face="Times New Roman Star"tabanface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 462, EDT 441, ÝÑÒß 3, 110-112, Ëåêñèêà 289, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 249.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tArakajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 snipe 2 hawk 3 a k. of lark 4 a k. of duck (êðå÷åòêà) 5 corncrake 6 merganserface="Times New Roman Star"1 áåêàñ 2 ÿñòðåá 3 âèä æàâîðîíêà 4 óòêà-êðå÷åòêà 5 êîðîñòåëü 6 êðîõàëü
face="Times New Roman Star"tartar 'a bird like the turtle dove, a water-fowl' (MK)'face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 3face="Times New Roman Star"to|rg|o|q 4



face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 1, ta:rt 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tarqat 6




face="Times New Roman Star"tarhat 6 (ÔèË 233)face="Times New Roman Star"tartar 5face="Times New Roman Star"targ|aq 'steppe bird', tartar 5







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 463, EDT 536. There are two distinctive formations: *tara-kaj (a k. of steppe bird, but not quite clear - which), and *tartar (basically corncrake, but attested in MK with the meaning 'a bird like turtle dove, water-fowl'). They may be related, but the latter may also represent a borrowing < Sak. tatara 'partridge' (cf. also Armen. tatrak 'turtle-dove'), see Bailey 122.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tol-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to push, collideface="Times New Roman Star"ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ, ïèõàòüface="Times New Roman Star"tul- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tul- 1, (caus.) tuldur- (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tola- 'to wave, shake' (Óß)







face="Times New Roman Star"tolug|ura:- 'to dangle freely inside an empty space'





face="Times New Roman Star"tula- 'to kick'


face="Times New Roman Star"tolarsaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"to:la- 'ðàçãðåáàòü íîãàìè'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 491, 495, 501. Derived is probably *Tolarsuk 'knee or heel joint, sinew' (VEWT 480, 486, ÝÑÒß 8: OT (MK) tolarsuq, Yak. tolunn/an| (< *tolu-n-c?an|-), Kirgh. tolorsuk, Bashk. tularhyq, KKalp. tolarsaq; Kaz. tilersek, influenced by tirsek 'knee').
face="Times New Roman Star"*du"n|u"rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a relative by marriageface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñâàò, ñâàõà, ïîñðåäíèê ïðè ñâàòîâñòâå 2 ñâîéñòâåííèêface="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"du"nu"r 1, dial. du"nu"s? 'ðîäèòåëè íîâîáðà÷íûõ'











face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2







face="Times New Roman Star"du"nu"r 'ñâàòîâñòâî'



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 523, Ðÿñÿíåí 1955, 172. Yak. > Evk., Evn. tun|ur 2 (ÒÌÑ 2, 217).
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEn|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to soar, flyface="Times New Roman Star"ïàðèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"ten|- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tu"n|-

























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 514. See also Òàòàðèíöåâ ÑÒ 1984 , 4, p. 78-81.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tiko"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"slice, pieceface="Times New Roman Star"÷àñòü, êóñîê
face="Times New Roman Star"tiku" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tike
face="Times New Roman Star"tike (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"tika"face="Times New Roman Star"tike


face="Times New Roman Star"tike




face="Times New Roman Star"bir tike 'a little bit'








face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, 918, EDT 478.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kogul/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"leather, hideface="Times New Roman Star"êîæà, øêóðàface="Times New Roman Star"qog|us?face="Times New Roman Star"qog|us? (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 613.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/e-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to scrape earth, digface="Times New Roman Star"ñêðåñòè çåìëþ, êîïàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?e- (MK)














face="Times New Roman Star"u"z?e-










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to perforate, cut a hole in 2 drill, borerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîêàëûâàòü, áóðàâèòü 2 áóðàâ
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?ku", u"s?gu" 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?gi 2 (dial.)








face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1, u"s?ku" 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"ski> 2







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, ÝÑÒß 1, 643-644, VEWT 523.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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